John Winthrop essays

John Winthrop essays During the year, 1548, when English sailors had successfully defeated the Spanish Armada, John Winthrop was born. Winthrop was the son of a London cloth merchant, Adam Winthrop. John grew up in the country side of England at a confiscated monastery that his grandfather, Adam Winthrop I, had purchased and named it Groton Manor. The manor was a wonderful place for a child to go up and have many adventures at. Groton was surrounded by wheat and rye fields, and dotted with dark woods. However, unknowingly to John Winthrop his greatest adventures would be found outside the seemingly safety of Groton Manor. The first of Winthrops adventures was laid at his feet during the year of 1603. In March, of that year, Winthrop would be sent off to his fathers alma mater Trinity College, in Cambridge. He was fifteen when he left home and little is known of how college life affected Winthrop. All that is known is what he wrote home about, writing among other things, that he had fallen into a lingering fever that seemed to take his comfort of his life (Morgan p.6). Winthrops home sickness did not last long, for he was back at home, in Groton, within two years. During this time period it was customary for sons of gentlemen to not stay at college long enough to receive a degree of any kind. Upon his return home, Winthrops next opportunity for adventure came quickly. This adventure appeared in the form of marriage. Within a week of his arriving home Mr. John Forth, of neighboring Great Stambridge, called upon Johns father Adam. The two men discussed the union of their children, Mary Forth and John Winthrop. The practice of prearranged marriages was normal for this time period. On March 28, 1605 John and his father traveled to Great Stambridge, where a contracted for the union of John and Mary was held. A contract was a ceremony that is similar to an engagement in todays society. E ...

Tracing Your Family Medical History

Tracing Your Family Medical History You know you got your curly red hair from your grandmother, and your prominent nose from your dad. These arent the only things you may have inherited from your family, however. Many medical conditions, including heart disease, breast cancer, prostate cancer, diabetes, alcoholism and Alzheimers disease have also been shown to be passed down through families. What Is A Family Medical History? A family medical history or medical family tree is a record of important medical information about your relatives, including illnesses and diseases, along with the relationships among the members of your family. A family health or medical history is begun by talking with your immediate family members parents, grandparents and siblings as they provide the most important links to genetic risk. Why is a Family Medical History Important? Some studies say that over 40 percent of the population is at increased genetic risk for a common disease such as cancer, diabetes or heart disease. Understanding your risk for developing such diseases is an important reason to learn more about your family history. By knowing your risk, you can make informed decisions about prevention and screening, and even participate in genetic-based research aimed at understanding, preventing and curing disease. For example, if your father had colon cancer at age 45, you should probably be screened at an earlier age for colon cancer than age 50, the average age for first-time colon cancer screening. How is a Family Medical History Used? How is a family medical history used? A family medical history helps document familial patterns which may impact your health, such as trends towards specific types of cancer, early heart disease, or even something simple such as skin problems. Compiling a family medical history can help you and your doctor spot these family patterns and use the information to assist with the following: Diagnosing a medical conditionDetermining whether you may benefit from preventive measures to lower your risk of a specific diseaseDeciding what medical tests to runIdentifying other members of your family who are at risk of developing certain diseasesCalculating your risk of certain diseasesCalculating your risk of passing certain conditions to your children What Should Be Included in a Family Medical History? Going back about three generations (to your grandparents or great-grandparents), try to collect details on every direct family member who has died and the cause of death. Also, document the medical conditions of all family members, including the age at which they were first diagnosed, their treatment, and if they ever had surgery. Important medical conditions to document include: CancerHeart diseaseDiabetesAsthmaMental illnessHigh blood pressureStrokeKidney diseaseAlcoholismBirth defectsLearning disabilitiesVision or hearing loss For family members with known medical problems, make notes on their overall health, including if they smoked, were overweight, and their exercise habits. If a family member had cancer, be sure to learn the primary type and not just where it metastasized. If your family members came from a different country, make note of that as well, as some medical conditions have possible ethnic roots. How Should I Document My Family Medical History? Family medical history can be recorded in a similar manner to the traditional family tree, just using standard medical symbols in a pedigree format - squares for men and circles for women. You can either use a standard key, or create your own which specifies what your symbols mean. See Tools for Recording Your Family Medical History for more information, examples, forms and questionnaires. If you find the forms too complicated, just collect the information. Your doctor will still be able to use what you find. Remove any personal names from your work before giving it to your doctor or anyone outside the family. They dont need to know the names, only the relationships among individuals, and you never know where your medical tree might end up! My Family Cant Help Me, Now What? If your parents are deceased or relatives are uncooperative, it may take some real detective work to learn more about your familys medical past. If you cant get access to medical records, try death certificates, obituaries and old family letters. Even old family photos can provide visual clues to diseases such as obesity, skin conditions and osteoporosis. If youre adopted or otherwise cant learn more about your familys health history, be sure to follow standard screening recommendations and see your doctor for a physical on a regular basis. Keep in mind that the format and questions dont have to be perfect. The more information you gather, in whatever format is easiest for you, the more informed youll be about your medical heritage. What you learn could literally save your life!